Contents: Battery ↧ Generator ↧ Lighting and light signaling ↧ Windshield wiper and washer ↧ Rear window heating element ↧ Heater ↧ Signaling devices and instruments ↧ Sound signal ↧
Battery
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The battery is discharged. The starter does not turn the engine crankshaft or turns it slowly. The lamps are dimly lit | |
| The car has not been used for a long time | Charge the battery using a charger or in another vehicle |
| When the engine is off, many electrical consumers are running (head unit of the sound reproduction system, etc.) | Reduce the number of consumers running on battery power |
| The alternator drive belt tension has weakened | Tighten your belt |
| Damage to the insulation of electrical circuits, current leakage along the surface of the battery | Check the leakage current (no more than 11 mA when consumers are disconnected), clean the surface of the battery. Be careful, acid! |
| Generator faulty | See Generator Fault Diagnosis |
| Short circuit between plates ("boiling" of electrolyte, local heating of the battery) | Replace the battery |
Generator
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The low battery indicator is on. The vehicle's on-board voltage is below 12.0 V (checked by a tester) | |
| The alternator drive belt tension has weakened | Tighten your belt |
| The voltage regulator is faulty | Replace the voltage regulator or alternator assembly |
| The rectifier block diodes are damaged | Replace the rectifier unit or generator assembly |
| The connection of the excitation winding terminals with the slip rings is broken, there is a short circuit or break in the winding | Solder the leads or replace the generator rotor or generator assembly |
| Open or short circuit in the stator winding, shorting it to "ground" (when short-circuited the generator howls) | Check the winding with an ohmmeter. Replace the stator or the generator assembly |
| The vehicle's on-board network voltage is higher than 15.0 V (checked by a tester) | |
| The voltage regulator is damaged | Replace the voltage regulator or alternator assembly |
| Generator noise | |
| Generator bearings are damaged (squealing, howling). The noise remains when the wires are disconnected from the generator and disappears when the drive belt is removed | Replace bearings or alternator assembly |
| Short circuit in the stator winding (howling). The noise disappears if you disconnect the wires from the generator | Replace the stator or generator assembly |
| Short circuit in one of the diodes | Replace the rectifier unit or generator assembly |
| The low battery indicator does not light when the ignition is turned on. The control devices do not work | |
| Fuse F11 in the fuse box in the car's passenger compartment has blown | Find out and eliminate the cause of the burnout. Replace the fuse |
| Open circuit "ignition switch-instrument cluster" | Check the wires from the ignition switch to the junction block and from the junction block to the instrument cluster |
| The ignition switch contacts do not close | Check the contact closure with a tester. Replace the contact part or the switch assembly |
| The low battery indicator does not light when the ignition is turned on and does not light when the engine is running. The vehicle's on-board voltage is below 12.0 V | |
| Wear or sticking of brushes, oxidation of rotor slip rings | Replace the brush holder with brushes, wipe the rotor rings with a clean rag soaked in gasoline or replace the generator assembly |
| The voltage regulator is damaged | Replace the voltage regulator or alternator assembly |
| The rectifier unit is faulty | Replace the rectifier unit or generator assembly |
| The wire connection to the brush holder terminal is broken | Reconnect the wire to the brush holder terminal |
| Unsoldering the excitation winding leads from the slip rings | Solder the leads, replace the generator rotor or the generator assembly |
Lighting and light signaling
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The headlights and lanterns do not light up | |
| The lamp filament burned out | Replace the lamp |
| The fuse has blown | Check the circuit protected by the blown fuse for a short to ground, replace the fuse |
| The relay contacts are oxidized, the relay windings are burnt out, the switches are faulty | Clean the contacts, replace the relays, switches |
| The direction indicator flashes at double the rate | |
| One of the turn signal bulbs has burned out | Replace the burnt out light bulb |
| The turn signal switch lever does not return to its original position, the steering column switch lever does not lock | |
| The clamps are broken, the springs are lost | Replace the faulty switch |
| The headlight diffuser fogs up | |
| Water penetrates between the body and the diffuser, cracks in the diffuser | Seal the cracks with sealant, replace the cracked diffuser or headlight |
| Water entered from the engine compartment | After removing the bulb, remove the water. When pressure washing the engine compartment, cover the headlights |
Windshield wiper and washer
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Wiper motor not working, wiper circuit protection fuse f18 in the mounting block is OK | |
| The wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or not tightly fitted | Crimp the tips, replace the faulty wires |
| Steering column switch malfunction | Replace the faulty wiper switch |
| Gear motor faulty | Replace the gear motor |
| Break in the motor armature winding | Replace the gear motor |
| Wiper motor not working, wiper circuit protection fuse f18 blown in the mounting block | |
| The brushes are frozen to the glass | After turning off the cleaner, carefully separate the brushes from the glass, make sure the rubber scraper is intact, and restore the mobility of the brush joints |
| The wiper blades are touching the body parts | Check the correct installation of the levers, straighten the deformed levers or replace the wiper |
| Short circuit in the motor winding | Replace the gear motor |
| The wiper motor does not work in intermittent mode | |
| The wiper relay is faulty | Replace the relay |
| The steering column switch is faulty | Replace the faulty switch |
| The cleaner motor does not stop in intermittent mode | |
| The wiper relay is faulty | Replace the relay |
| The limit switch petals do not press well against the gear motor gear | Bend the contact petals of the limit switch |
| The contacts of the limit switch are oxidized or burnt | Clean the contacts or replace the wiper motor-reducer |
| The brushes stop in any position | |
| The crankshaft mounting nut on the axle has become loose | Once the crank is correctly installed, tighten the nut |
| The contact petals of the limit switch do not press well against the gear motor gear | Bend the contact petals of the limit switch |
| The brushes are not working synchronously | |
| The lever of one of the brushes on the shaft has become loose | Place the brush in the desired position and tighten the lever mounting nut |
| The wiper motor works but the brushes do not move | |
| The crank fastening nut on the gear motor shaft has become loose | Once the crank is correctly installed, tighten the nut |
| The gear teeth are chipped | Replace the gear motor |
| Windshield washer pump motor not working | |
| Fuse F18 in the mounting block has blown | Replace the faulty fuse |
| The wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or not tightly fitted | Crimp the tips, replace the faulty wires |
| Steering column switch malfunction | Replace the faulty wiper switch |
| The windshield washer pump is faulty | Replace the windshield washer pump |
Rear window heating element
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Individual threads of the heating element do not heat up | |
| Thread breakage | Restore the rear window heating element threads using a special conductive agent or replace the rear window with the heating element |
| None of the heating element threads get hot | |
| The switch, relay, rear window heating fuse are faulty, the wires are damaged, the tips are poorly connected, the contact from the glass heating element is torn off | Replace faulty switch, relay, fuse, wires. Clean and crimp the tips. Replace the glass with the heating element |
Heater
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The heater fan motor does not work | |
| The fuse, wires are faulty, the wire ends are oxidized or not tightly fitted | Crimp and strip terminals, replace faulty wires, fuse |
| Wear, sticking of electric motor brushes, break or short circuit in the armature winding, oxidation or wear of the commutator | Replace the electric motor |
| The switch is faulty | Replace the switch |
| Heater fan motor does not operate at low speed | |
| The additional resistor burned out | Replace the resistor |
| The heater switch is faulty | Replace the switch |
Signaling devices and instruments
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| Coolant temperature gauge or fuel gauge not working | |
| The pointer is faulty | Replace the pointer |
| The sensor is faulty | Replace pointer sensor |
| The wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or not tightly fitted | Crimp the tips, replace the faulty wires |
| The fuel reserve indicator is constantly on | |
| The sensor resistor is faulty | Replace the fuel gauge sensor |
| The warning lights do not light up | |
| The fuse has blown | Replace the fuse |
| The indicator lamp burned out | Replace the lamp |
| The corresponding indicator sensor is faulty | Replace the alarm sensor |
| The wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or not tightly fitted | Crimp the tips, replace the faulty wires |
| The speedometer does not work | |
| The speed sensor is faulty | Replace the speed sensor |
| The speedometer is faulty | Replace the speedometer |
| The tachometer does not work | |
| Damaged power supply circuits of the instrument cluster, control circuit of the tachometer | Crimp the terminals, replace faulty wires, instrument cluster |
| The ECU does not send a signal to the tachometer | Replace the faulty ECU |
| The tachometer is faulty | Replace the tachometer |
Sound signal
| Cause of malfunction | Methods of elimination |
| The horn does not work | |
| The signal, its switch, relay are faulty, the fuse is blown, the wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or poorly connected | Strip, crimp wire tips. Faulty signal, switch, relay, wires, blown fuse - replace |
| Weak, hoarse signal sound | |
| The signal is faulty, the wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or poorly connected | Adjust the sound by turning the screw on the signal body. Strip and crimp the wire tips. Replace faulty signal, switch, wires |