Cause of malfunction | Elimination Methods |
Clutch slips (when the pedal is pressed hard «gas» the engine revs up, but the car hardly accelerates) | |
Lubrication of the flywheel, pressure plate and friction linings of the clutch disc | Rinse oily surfaces thoroughly with mineral spirits or gasoline and wipe them dry. Replace heavily oiled driven disc. Eliminate the cause of oiling (oil leakage through the engine seals or gearbox) |
Reduced diaphragm spring force | Replace cover with pressure plate assembly («basket») |
Strong wear or burning of the friction linings of the driven disk | Replace driven disc assembly |
The clutch master cylinder piston slowly returns to its original position due to swelling of the rubber cuffs | Replace seals or cylinder assembly. Replace the clutch fluid if gasoline or other solvents are suspected |
Clutch Leads (it is difficult to shift forward gears, the reverse gear shifts with noise with a working gearbox) | |
Incorrect adjustment of the clutch actuator (pedal full stroke is small, its free play is increased) | Adjust drive |
Air has entered the hydraulic system (pedal «soft») | Tighten the connections, pump the system. In case of leakage from the main or working cylinders, replace their cuffs or cylinder assemblies |
Defective clutch master cylinder check valve | Disassemble the master cylinder, wash and clean the parts. Replace defective valve |
Jamming of a shaft of a plug of deenergizing of coupling in plugs | Change the grease in the bushings or the bushings themselves |
Weakening of rivets or breakage of friction linings, warping of the driven disk (end runout more than 0.5 mm) | Replace driven disk |
Strong and uneven wear, scuffing on the working surfaces of the flywheel or clutch pressure plate | Replace flywheel. If the surface of the pressure plate is damaged, replace the casing with the pressure plate as an assembly («basket» clutch) |
Skewed or warped pressure plate | Replace cover with pressure plate assembly («basket» clutch) |
Jamming of the hub of the driven disk on the splines of the input shaft of the gearbox | Clean the slots from dirt, eliminate minor damage with a needle file. If the splines are severely worn or damaged, replace the disc and/or the transmission input shaft. Before assembly, apply SHRUS-4 grease to the splines |
Clutch won't disengage (pedal «fails») | |
Air in the hydraulic drive system | Tighten the connections, pump the system. In case of leakage from the main or working cylinders, replace their cuffs or cylinder assemblies |
Clutch won't disengage (pedal «fails»). Briefly disengaging the clutch can only be done by pressing the pedal sharply | |
Strong wear, defects in the master cylinder mirror; dirt in the cylinder | Replace cylinder |
Worn or defective master cylinder cuff | Replace cylinder assembly |
Jerks when starting | |
Jamming of the hub of the driven disk on the splines of the input shaft of the gearbox | Clean the slots from dirt, eliminate minor damage with a needle file. If the splines are severely worn or damaged, replace the disc and/or the transmission input shaft. Before assembly, apply fresh SHRUS-4 grease to the splines |
Deformation of the driven disk | Replace driven disk |
Loose fastening of the friction linings of the driven disk, severe wear or cracks on the linings | Replace driven disk |
Loss of elasticity of the spring plates of the driven disk | Replace driven disk |
Significant settlement or breakage of the springs of the damper of torsional vibrations, wear of windows under the springs | Replace driven disk |
Seizures on the working surfaces of the flywheel or pressure plate | Replace flywheel or clutch cover with pressure plate assembly («basket» clutch) |
Oiling the working surfaces of the friction linings of the driven disk | Rinse oily surfaces thoroughly with mineral spirits or gasoline and wipe them dry. Replace heavily oiled driven disc. Eliminate the cause of oiling |
Cause of malfunction | Elimination Methods |
Rattling, knocking or noise when the clutch is engaged | |
Significant settlement or breakage of the springs of the damper of torsional vibrations, wear of windows under the springs | Replace driven disk |
Deformation of the driven disk | Replace driven disk |
Loose fastening of the friction linings of the driven disk, severe wear or cracks on the linings | Replace driven disk |
Increased noise when disengaging the clutch | |
Worn, damaged or leaking lubricant from the clutch release bearing | Replace bearing |
After releasing the clutch pedal, it does not return to its original position | |
Air in the hydraulic drive system | Bleed the system, tighten the connections |
Lost elasticity or broken pedal return spring | Replace spring |
Noise in gearbox (the noise decreases or disappears when the clutch is depressed) | |
Insufficient oil level in the gearbox housing | Check the level, add oil if necessary. Check for leaks (see «Gearbox oil leak»). Blow out the breather |
Low quality oil. Water got into the oil (when water enters the oil, a whitish emulsion is formed) | Change oil |
Wear or damage to bearings, gear teeth | Replace worn bearings, gears |
Transmissions are difficult to turn on, there are no extraneous noises | |
Gearbox control rod deformed | Correct or replace traction |
Parts of the gear shift mechanism are deformed | Replace damaged parts |
The bolt of a terminal clip of a tip of draft of management of a transmission is weakened | Adjust the drive and tighten the bolt |
Incorrect adjustment of the gearbox control drive | Adjust drive |
Wear of the outer hinges of the gearshift rods | Replace failed parts or replace the complete mechanism |
Wear, loose fit of shift forks | Gearbox repair |
Clutch does not fully disengage | See Clutch Fault Diagnosis |
Transmission randomly turns off | |
Damaged or worn splines on the clutch, gear or synchronizer hub | Replace defective parts |
Incorrect drive adjustment | Adjust drive |
Lost elasticity or collapsed power unit supports | Replace supports |
Noise, crackling, squealing of gears at the moment of switching on the gear | |
No oil in gearbox housing | Add oil. Check for leaks (see «Gearbox oil leak»). Blow out the breather |
Clutch does not fully disengage | See Clutch Fault Diagnosis |
Damaged bearings, gear teeth | Replace bearings, gears |
Wear of the gear synchronizer ring | Replace the synchronizer ring |
Main gear noise (noise from the gearbox only when the car is moving) | |
Wear or destruction of bearings | Replace damaged and worn output shaft and differential bearings. Adjust differential box bearing preload |
Gearbox oil leak | |
Wear of oil seals: input shaft, CV joints, wear of the speed sensor drive shaft seal | Replace seals. Blow out the gearbox breather |
The bolts of fastening of the covers and gearbox housings have loosened, the gaskets between their mating surfaces are damaged | Tighten screw connections. Replace gaskets |
Knocking when touching | |
Wear of wheel drive joints | Replace worn hinges |
Wear of the rubber element of the shock absorber support, rubber-metal hinges (silent blocks) and pillows of suspension arms, racks of a bar of the stabilizer | Replace worn parts |
Loose fastenings of the anti-roll bar to the body, silent blocks and pillows of the suspension arms, pillar supports | Tighten threaded connections |
Strut shock absorber defective | Replace both shock absorbers |
Severe front wheel bearing wear or loose wheel bearing nut | Tighten the wheel bearing nut, replace the bearing if necessary |
Suspension spring failure | Replace spring (it is better to change both suspension springs at once - left and right) |
Detachment of the brake lining from the base of the shoe | Replace pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Lost elasticity or collapsed power unit supports | Replace supports |
Faulty clutch | See Clutch Fault Diagnosis |
Noise when driving on a flat road | |
Wheel bearing wear | Replace bearings |
Tires not designed for these operating conditions (on asphalt, all-terrain, studded tires, etc. are used.) | Use tires according to their purpose |
High speed in corners | Slow down before turning |
Uneven wear or peeling of the tread, deformation of the tire, rim | Change wheel |
Wheel touches fender liner | Check the wheel alignment angles, if necessary, replace deformed suspension parts, sagging springs. Do not overload the vehicle. Use stock rims |
Parts of the brake mechanism touch the brake disc/drum | Disassemble the assembly, replace defective parts |
Loose wheel bolts | Tighten the bolts, if the rim is deformed, replace the rim |
Detachment of the brake lining from the base of the shoe | Replace pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Knocking sound when going over small bumps | |
Faulty shock absorber or shock absorber support | Replace both shock absorbers or strut mount |
Ball joint wear | Replace the ball joint or lever assembly with the support |
Deterioration of racks of the stabilizer of cross stability | Replace stabilizer links |
Knocks, squeaks during suspension operation (off-road driving) | |
Car overload | Do not overload the vehicle. Distribute the load evenly (use salon) |
Defective shock absorber | Replace both shock absorbers |
Compression stroke buffer destroyed | Replace Buffer |
Suspension spring settling or failure | Replace both springs - left and right |
Destruction or settlement of the shock absorber support | Replace support |
Suspension arms, anti-roll bar, steering rods, rear suspension beam are bent. Loose fastening of these parts | Check if during suspension operation the steering rods do not touch the windows in the mudguards at the extreme positions of the wheels. Deformed parts straighten or replace. Tighten threaded connections |
Wear of ball bearings and silent blocks of the front suspension | Replace worn parts |
The fastening of the steering wheel, the steering column bracket, the steering mechanism, the stopper of the rack stop, the ball pins of the steering rods, the bolt of the lower flange of the elastic coupling on the gear shaft has loosened | Tighten the threaded connections, adjust the clearance in the steering mechanism |
Traces of shock absorber fluid are visible on the shock absorber | |
shock absorber fluid leak (due to wear of the stem gland, nicks and damage to the chrome coating of the stem) | Minor «sweating» shock absorber at the top while maintaining its characteristics is not a malfunction. You can check the shock absorbers by rocking the car. No more than 1-2 free vibrations of the car are allowed. Replace defective shock absorber |
The hinge boot and/or wheel drive shaft show traces of hinge grease | |
The protective cover of the hinge is damaged, its clamps are loose | Inspect the hinge, if there is play, replace it. If there is no play, and there is little dirt in the grease, without disassembling the hinge, remove as much grease as possible from it and put in a new one. Replace damaged cover, clamps |
Knocking, clicking when turning the car | |
Wear of the outer joint of the wheel drive | Replace Hinge |
Axial wheel play (severe wheel bearing wear or loose wheel bearing nut) | Tighten the wheel bearing nut, replace the bearing if necessary |
Wear of the bearing of the upper support of the shock absorber strut, rubber support element | Replace support |
Loose wheel bolts | Tighten the bolts, if the rim is deformed, replace the rim |
Suspension spring failure | Replace both suspension springs - left and right |
Loose fastenings of the anti-roll bar to the body, silent blocks of the suspension arms, strut supports | Tighten threaded connections |
Loose fastening of the steering wheel, steering column bracket, steering mechanism, rack stop plug, ball pins of steering rods | Tighten the threaded connections, adjust the clearance in the steering mechanism |
Cause of malfunction | Elimination Methods |
Vibration while driving | |
Increased wheel imbalance | Balance the wheels |
Uneven wear or peeling of the tread, deformation of the tire, rim | Change wheel |
Defective shock absorber | Replace both shock absorbers on the axle |
Strong wear of the wheel drive joints | Replace worn hinges |
Deformation of the wheel drive shaft | Replace shaft or drive assembly |
Axial wheel play (severe wheel bearing wear or loose wheel bearing nut) | Tighten the wheel bearing nut, replace the bearing if necessary |
Loose mounting levers, suspension, anti-roll bar, steering rods | Tighten threaded connections |
Driving the vehicle away from straight ahead (on a flat road) | |
Inconsistent air pressure in tires | Set normal pressure |
Violation of the angles of the longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation and / or camber of the front wheels | Check and repair parts of the front suspension, bodywork |
Significant difference in tire wear | Replace worn tire |
Unequal settlement of front suspension springs | Replace both springs |
Deformed parts of the suspension and / or car body | Straighten or replace deformed parts and body panels |
Displacement of the rear axle due to wear of the silent blocks of the rear suspension beam | Replace silent blocks |
Braking of the wheel due to jamming of the piston of the wheel cylinder | Replace cylinder |
Braking of the front wheel due to the loosening of the bolts securing the guide pads to the steering knuckle (offset caliper) | Tighten the bolts |
Braking of the rear wheel due to weakening or breakage of the return spring of the rear brake pads | Replace spring |
Increased front wheel imbalance | Balance the wheels |
Rapid tire tread wear | |
High driving speed, starts with wheel spin, braking «to yuz», cornering with skidding or drifting of wheels | Observe normal speed limits |
Tire pressure out of range | Set normal pressure |
Front wheel alignment misaligned | Check and repair parts of the front suspension, bodywork |
Contact with rubber-aggressive materials - bitumen, oil, gasoline, solvents, acids, etc. | Change tire |
Uneven tire tread wear | |
Increased wheel imbalance | Balance the wheels |
Tire deformation, rim | Change wheel |
Different tire pressure | Set normal pressure |
Front wheel alignment misaligned | Check and repair parts of the front suspension, bodywork |
High speed in corners, their passage with skidding or drifting of wheels | Observe normal speed limits |
Axial wheel play (severe wheel bearing wear or loose wheel bearing nut) | Tighten the wheel bearing nut, replace the bearing if necessary |
Deterioration of hinges, deformation of suspension or body parts | Replace hinges, deformed suspension parts, spars, body panels |
Play in the steering (see also «Increased steering wheel play») | Replace worn joints, tighten threaded connections, adjust the clearance between the gear and the rack in the steering mechanism |
Defective shock absorber | Replace both shock absorbers |
Increased steering wheel play | |
The tightening of the nuts for fastening the ball pins of the outer tips of the rods has loosened | Tighten nuts |
Increased clearance in ball joints, wear of rubber-metal joints of rods | Replace tie rod ends |
Large gap between rail stop and nut | Adjust steering clearance |
Steering wheel is hard to turn | |
Faulty power steering | Replace power steering pump or steering gear |
Front suspension strut top bearing damaged | Replace support |
Support bushing or rack stop damaged | Replace damaged parts, apply lubricant |
Low pressure in the tires of the front wheels | Set normal pressure |
Damaged tie rod joints | Replace tie rod ends |
Damaged steering gear shaft bearings | Replace bearings |
Creaking, squealing when braking | |
Limit wear of brake pads | Replace brake pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Inclusion of foreign particles in the lining material (sand) | Usually does not require intervention (can be cleaned with a wire brush) |
Poor quality lining material | Replace pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Severe brake disc corrosion (due to poor quality disc and/or lining material) | Replace brake discs |
Brake pad has peeled off the base | Replace pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Weak or broken rear brake pad return spring | Replace spring |
Wheel lock braking | Do not overbrake, use tires suitable for driving conditions |
Vibration when braking | |
Brake disc warp | Replace both disks |
Increased axial play of the wheel (severe wheel bearing wear or loose wheel bearing nut) | Tighten the wheel bearing nut, replace the bearing if necessary |
Ovality of the brake drum | Replace drum |
Stuck piston in rear wheel cylinder | Replace cylinder |
Brake pad has peeled off the base | Replace pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Weak or broken rear brake pad return spring | Replace spring |
Car pulling or skidding when braking | |
Jamming of the piston of the wheel cylinder | Replace cylinder |
Clogged brake lines: tubes or hoses | Replace damaged tubes and hoses |
Detachment of the lining from the base of the brake pad | Replace pads (better at the same time all on the same axis) |
Lubrication of brake discs, drums, linings | Clean oily discs and drums, replace pads. Eliminate the cause of oiling |
An ice or salt crust has formed on the surface of the pads (winter). Wet pads | At the beginning of the movement, at low speed, check the brakes. In the rain and after driving through deep puddles, dry the brakes by lightly depressing the brake pedal |
Different pressure in the tires of the left and right wheels | Set normal pressure |
Significant difference in tire wear | Replace worn tire |
Defective pressure regulator | Replace Regulator |
One of the circuits of the working brake system does not work (braking performance is greatly reduced) | Eliminate fluid leakage from the brake system, bleed the system |
Brake disc warp | Replace both disks |
Axial wheel play (severe wear of the front wheel bearings or loosening of the hub bearing nut) | Tighten the wheel bearing nut, replace the bearing if necessary |
Ovality of the brake drum | Replace drum |
Strut shock absorber defective | Replace both shock absorbers |
Unequal settlement of front suspension springs | Replace both springs |
Wheel alignment misaligned | Check and repair parts of the front suspension, bodywork |
Increased brake pedal travel (pedal «soft» or «fails») | |
Air in the brake system, leakage of brake fluid through leaks in the hydraulic drive connections, damage to the cuffs in the main brake cylinder, sealing rings in the pressure regulator, damage to the brake pipes and hoses | Inspect all lines, their threaded connections and cylinders, eliminate leaks. Restore the normal fluid level in the brake reservoir and bleed the system. If brake hoses are damaged (cracks, swelling or traces of brake fluid) replace hoses. If you suspect defects in the master brake cylinder, replace it with a serviceable one |
The rubber cuffs of the cylinders are swollen due to the ingress of oil, gasoline, etc. into the brake fluid. | Replace cylinders, hoses, completely drain the brake fluid, flush the system with fresh fluid and pump |
Overheating of the brakes | Let the brakes cool down. Use only DOT-4 brake fluids in the system. Replace brake fluid promptly |
Increased clearance between pads and drum (automatic gap adjustment does not work) | Replace the elements of the automatic clearance mechanism |
One of the circuits of the working brake system does not work | Eliminate fluid leakage from the brake system, bleed the system |
Increased (more than 0.1 mm) brake disc runout | Replace both disks |
Cause of malfunction | Elimination Methods |
Brake pedal travel within normal limits (pedal «tough»), but the car slows down badly | |
Jamming of the piston of the wheel cylinder | Replace cylinder |
Blockage of brake lines: tubes (due to dents) or hoses (due to swelling or delamination of the rubber) | Replace damaged tubes and hoses |
Lubrication of brake discs, drums, linings | Clean oily discs and drums, replace pads. Eliminate the cause of oiling |
Complete wear of the brake pads (grinding of brakes) | Replace brake pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
An ice or salt crust has formed on the surface of the pads (winter). Wet pads | At the beginning of the movement, at low speed, check the brakes. In the rain and after driving through deep puddles, dry the brakes by lightly depressing the brake pedal |
Poor quality lining material | Replace pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Severe brake disc corrosion (due to poor quality disc and/or lining material) | Replace discs |
Brake pad has peeled off the base | Replace pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Defective pressure regulator | Replace both regulators |
The vacuum booster is faulty or the hose connecting the booster to the intake manifold is leaky | Check the integrity of the hose, its fit on the fittings, tightness of the clamps. Check the operation of the amplifier |
Incomplete release of all wheels | |
No free play on the brake pedal | Adjust pedal free play |
The rubber cuffs of the cylinders are swollen due to the ingress of oil, gasoline, etc. into the brake fluid. | Replace cylinders, hoses, completely drain the brake fluid, flush the system with fresh fluid and pump |
Stuck master cylinder piston (due to corrosion, breakage of return springs) | Replace master cylinder, bleed system |
Braking of one of the wheels with the brake pedal released | |
Jamming of the piston of the wheel cylinder | Replace cylinder |
The rubber cuffs of the cylinders are swollen due to the ingress of oil, gasoline, etc. into the brake fluid. | Replace cylinders, hoses, completely drain the brake fluid, flush the system with fresh fluid and pump |
Blockage of brake lines: tubes (due to dents) or hoses (due to swelling or delamination of the rubber) | Replace damaged tubes and hoses |
Jamming pads due to severe contamination of the supporting surfaces of the caliper | Remove the pads, clean the bearing surfaces of the pads and caliper |
Detachment of the lining of the rear brake pad | Replace pads (all on the same axis at the same time) |
Weak or broken rear brake pad return spring | Replace spring |
Weak fastening of the guide pads to the steering knuckle | Tighten the bolts |
Insufficient efficiency of the parking brake system | |
Incorrect drive adjustment | Adjust drive |
Drive cables stuck in sheaths | Lubricate the cables with engine oil if the sheath is damaged or the cable wires are frayed, and if the cable is severely corroded, replace the cable |
Greased brake drums, linings | Clean oily discs and drums, replace pads. Eliminate the cause of oiling |
An ice or salt crust has formed on the surface of the pads (winter). Wet pads | At the beginning of the movement, at low speed, check the brakes. In the rain and after driving through deep puddles, dry the brakes by lightly depressing the brake pedal |
Excessive wear of the brake pads and drums of the rear wheels | Replace pads and drums |
When the parking brake lever is released, the wheels do not brake | |
Incorrect drive adjustment | Adjust drive |
The parking brake is pulled, the cables are wedged in the shells | Adjust the tension of the cables, lubricate them with engine oil if the sheath is damaged or the wires of the cable are frayed, and also replace the cable if severe corrosion |
After a long parking of the car, the pads stuck (or frozen) to the drum | When pulling the lever or cables, try to carefully (so as not to rip off the brake linings) turn the wheel. When parking the car, if possible, do not apply the brake, but shift into gear |