Possible starter malfunctions, their causes and solutions
| Cause of malfunction | Method of elimination |
| When the starter is turned on, the anchor does not rotate, the traction relay does not operate | |
| The battery is faulty or completely discharged | Charge or replace the battery |
| The battery terminals and cable ends are heavily oxidized or the cable ends are loosely tightened | Clean the terminals and wire ends, tighten and lubricate with Vaseline |
| Interturn short circuit in the pull-in winding of the traction relay, its short circuit to ground or break | Replace the traction relay |
| Open circuit in the power supply circuit of the starter traction relay | Check the wires and their connections in the circuit between the "50" plugs of the starter and the ignition switch |
| The ignition switch contact part is faulty | Replace the ignition switch contact part |
| Traction relay anchor jamming | Remove the relay, check the ease of movement of the anchor |
| Commutator burnout, brushes sticking or wearing out | Clean the commutator, replace the brushes |
| When the starter is turned on, the anchor does not rotate or rotates too slowly, the traction relay is triggered | |
| The battery is faulty or discharged | Charge or replace the battery |
| The battery terminals and wire ends are oxidized, the ends are loosely tightened | Clean the terminals and wire ends, tighten and lubricate with Vaseline |
| The fastening of the wire tips connecting the power unit to the body is loose | Tighten the wire end caps |
| The contact bolts of the traction relay are oxidized or the nuts securing the wire tips to the contact bolts are loose | Clean the contact bolts, tighten the wire fastening nuts |
| Commutator burnout, brushes sticking or wearing out | Clean the commutator, replace the brushes |
| Open or short circuit in the armature winding | Replace the anchor |
| When the starter is turned on, the traction relay repeatedly operates and switches off | |
| The battery is discharged | Charge the battery |
| Open or short circuit in the holding winding of the traction relay | Replace the traction relay |
| Large voltage drop in the traction relay power supply circuit due to severe oxidation of the wire tips | Check the wires and their connections in the circuit from the battery to the "50" plug of the starter |
| When the starter is turned on, the anchor rotates, the flywheel does not rotate | |
| Freewheel clutch slippage | Replace the coupling |
| The drive gear does not engage with the flywheel ring gear (noise is heard, wear on the teeth of the flywheel of the entry part) | Replace the drive or flywheel |
| Starter noise when the anchor rotates | |
| Excessive bearing wear (armature shaft bushings) | Replace bearings or starter caps |
| The starter mount is loose or its cover is broken on the drive side | Tighten the mounting nuts or replace the starter cover on the drive side |
| The teeth of the drive gear or flywheel ring gear are damaged | Replace the drive or flywheel |
| The gear does not disengage from the flywheel | |
| Clutch jamming on the drive shaft splines | Clean the splines and lubricate them with engine oil |
| Traction relay anchor jamming | Replace the traction relay or eliminate the jamming |
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